Geology and mineralization of the Sanshandao supergiant gold deposit (1200 t) in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China: A review     

《China Geology》2021,4(4):686-719

The Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province, China is the world’s third-largest gold metallogenic area, with cumulative proven gold resources exceeding 5000 t. Over the past few years, breakthroughs have been made in deep prospecting at a depth of 500–2000 m, particularly in the Sanshandao area where a huge deep gold orebody was identified. Based on previous studies and the latest prospecting progress achieved by the project team of this study, the following results are summarized. (1) 3D geological modeling results based on deep drilling core data reveal that the Sanshandao gold orefield, which was previously considered to consist of several independent deposits, is a supergiant deposit with gold resources of more than 1200 t (including 470 t under the sea area). The length of the major orebody is nearly 8 km, with a greatest depth of 2312 m below sea level and a maximum length of more than 3 km along their dip direction. (2) Thick gold orebodies in the Sanshandao gold deposit mainly occur in the specific sections of the ore-controlling fault where the fault plane changes from steeply to gently inclined, forming a stepped metallogenic model from shallow to deep level. The reason for this strong structural control on mineralization forms is that when ore-forming fluids migrated along faults, the pressure of fluids greatly fluctuated in fault sections where the fault dip angle changed. Since the solubility of gold in the ore-forming fluid is sensitive to fluid pressure, these sections along the fault plane serve as the target areas for deep prospecting. (3) Thermal uplifting-extensional structures provide thermodynamic conditions, migration pathways, and deposition spaces for gold mineralization. Meanwhile, the changes in mantle properties induced the transformation of the geochemical properties of the lower crust and magmatic rocks. This further led to the reactivation of ore-forming elements, which provided rich materials for gold mineralization. (4) It can be concluded from previous research results that the gold mineralization in the Jiaodong gold deposits occurred at about 120 Ma, which was superimposed by nonferrous metals mineralization at 118–111 Ma. The fluids were dominated by primary mantle water or magmatic water. Metamorphic water occurred in the early stage of the gold mineralization, while the fluid composition was dominated by meteoric water in the late stage. The S, Pb, and Sr isotopic compositions of the ores are similar to those of ore-hosting rocks, indicating that the ore-forming materials mainly derive from crustal materials, with the minor addition of mantle-derived materials. The gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula were formed in an extensional tectonic environment during the transformation of the physical and chemical properties of the lithospheric mantle, which is different from typical orogenic gold deposits. Thus, it is proposed that they are named “Jiaodong-type” gold deposits.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Migration and speciation transformation mechanisms of mercury in undercurrent zones of the Tongguan gold mining area,Shaanxi Loess Plateau and impact on the environment     

《China Geology》2021,4(2):311-328

In order to study the migration and transformation mechanism of Hg content and occurrence form in subsurface flow zone of gold mining area in Loess Plateau and its influence on water environment, the field in-situ infiltration test and laboratory test were carried out in three typical sections of river-side loess, alluvial and proluvial strata in Tongguan gold mining area of Shaanxi Province, and the following results were obtained: (1) The source of Hg in subsurface flow zone is mainly caused by mineral processing activities; (2) the subsurface flow zone in the study area is in alkaline environment, and the residual state, iron and manganese oxidation state, strong organic state and humic acid state of mercury in loess are equally divided in dry and oxidizing environment; mercury in river alluvial or diluvial strata is mainly concentrated in silt, tailings and clayey silt soil layer, and mercury has certain stability, and the form of mercury in loess is easier to transform than the other two media; (3) under the flooding condition, most of mercury is trapped in the silt layer in the undercurrent zone where the sand and silt layers alternate with each other and the river water and groundwater are disjointed, and the migration capacity of mercury is far less than that of loess layer and alluvial layer with close hydraulic connection; (4) infiltration at the flood level accelerates the migration of pollutants to the ground; (5) the soil in the undercurrent zone is overloaded and has seriously exceeded the standard. Although the groundwater monitoring results are safe this time, relevant enterprises or departments should continue to pay attention to improving the gold extraction process, especially vigorously rectify the small workshops for illegal gold extraction and the substandard discharge of the three wastes, and intensify efforts to solve the geological environmental problems of mines left over from history. At present, the occurrence form of mercury in the undercurrent zone is relatively stable, but the water and soil layers have been polluted. The risk of disjointed groundwater pollution can not be ignored while giving priority to the treatment of loess and river alluvial landform areas with close hydraulic links. The research results will provide a scientific basis for water conservancy departments to groundwater prevention and control in water-deficient areas of the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

Geometry and kinematics of brittle deformation in the Central Cameroon Shear Zone (Kékem area): Implication for gold exploration within the Central Africa Fold Belt in Cameroon     

《China Geology》2021,4(2):245-255

The Central Africa Fold Belt (CAFB) is a collision belt endowed with gold deposits in Eastern Cameroon area mined for about 50 years. However, favorable areas for gold exploration are poorly known. This paper presents (1) the kinematics of the brittle deformation in the Kékem area in the SW portion of the Central Cameroon Shear Zone and (2) constraints gold mineralization events with respect to the collisional evolution of the CAFB. The authors interpret that the conjugate ENE to E and NNW to NW trending lineament corresponds to the synthetic (R) and the antithetic (R’) shears, which accompanied the dextral slip along the NE to ENE striking shear. The latter coincides with the last 570–552 Ma D₃ dextral simple shear-dominated transpression, which is parallel to the Bétaré Oya shear zone hosting gold deposits. Gold mineralizations, which mainly occurred during the last dextral shearing, are disseminated within quartz veins associated to Riedel’s previous structures reactivated due to late collisional activities of the CAFB as brittle deformation. Gold mineralizations occurred mainly during the 570–552 Ma D₃ event. The reactivation, which might be due to dextral simple shear during mylonitzation, plausibly remobilized the early gold deposits hosted in syn-compressional rocks and/or possibly focused deep-sourced fluid mixed with those released by dehydration. Therefore, the Central Cameroon Shear Zone where Kékem is located, and which shows similar petrographical and structural features to those controling Batouri gold district, is a target area for gold exploration in Cameroon.  相似文献   

胶西北地区北截金矿闪长玢岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

耿科  王瑞江  李洪奎  单伟  李大鹏 《地质学报》2015,89(6):1099-1107

山东省招远市北截金矿是胶西北地区发现较早的金矿之一,主要赋存于严格受NEE向断裂控制的黄铁绢英岩化蚀变带内,是典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。本文通过对矿区内切穿矿体的闪长玢岩、郭家岭序列下属北截岩体的地质背景和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究,得出闪长玢岩形成年龄为117±2Ma,北截岩体形成年龄为129±1Ma,限定北截金矿成矿年龄在117~129Ma之间,属早白垩世。锆石样品中测得Ar_3、Z、J_3等多个期次的继承锆石年龄,表明北截岩体和闪长玢岩形成过程具有多重继承演化性。根据同源岩浆的成岩成矿时间差及岩体与金矿的空间位置,判断郭家岭序列与金矿关系更为密切。讨论了胶东金矿的成矿期次和构造环境,认为其形成于俯冲造山带的弧后伸展环境,其形成与演化受中生代以来中国东部岩石圈大规模减薄、地幔上涌或陆缘裂谷的影响,最终成因可能与地幔柱有关。  相似文献   

哀牢山南段长安金矿地质特征及找矿方法研究     

李华  王永华  张星培  艾斯卡尔  周一敏 《地质学报》2015,89(6):1085-1098

长安金矿位于哀牢山成矿带南段,是该成矿带上新近发现的又一大型金矿床。该区为哀牢山地体边缘地壳增生带,主要由深变质岩系组成,区内构造断裂发育,对岩浆活动和成矿作用有显著影响。本文总结了长安金矿的地质特征,并以该区的控矿断裂F6为主要研究目标,以地层岩性电性特征作为约束条件,分别展开了磁法、激电、瞬变电磁和大地电磁等综合物探手段的试验研究。研究结果表明,磁法对于该矿找矿效果不明显,瞬变电磁和大地电磁测深反演的电阻率低阻体,准确界定了控矿断裂F6的位置、倾向、断距以及深部延伸情况,通过激电异常可大致判断矿体的位置。所以在长安金矿区下一步的深部隐伏矿勘查中,结合瞬变电磁、激电、大地电磁等地球物理方法,辅以土壤化探异常进行约束,可以达到快速有效找矿之目的。  相似文献   

含粗粒金矿样品采集加工与分析研究进展     

熊英  陈文科  田萍  吴邦朝 《岩矿测试》2015,34(1):12-18

含粗粒金矿,由于粗粒金的存在使其样品的采集、加工和分析极具挑战性,如何获得具有代表性和均匀性的化学分析样品,并提供准确的分析结果,长期以来一直是该类金矿资源勘查评价急待解决的技术难题。本文对近年来国内外含粗粒金矿样品的采集、加工和分析方法等3方面开展的研究工作及主要成果进行归纳分析,认为:1含粗粒金矿样品的采集是确保样品代表性的首要环节,含粗粒金矿样品分析结果的潜在误差有80%来源于样品采集,因此研究经济、有效的样品采集方法至关重要。2含粗粒金矿样品的加工主要从提高自然金的粉碎度,改进加工流程,选择样品加工设备等方面进行,但查明金的粒度分布及伴生矿物是拟定样品加工流程的关键。3含粗粒金矿样品的分析方法有常规的化学分析方法、批量浸金法和人工重砂加权平均法,相对于复杂的加工流程研究,后者有望成为此类样品经济有效的分析方法。本文指出,含粗粒金矿资源评价质量的误差来源于地质、采样、加工、分析等诸多方面,总体而言应最小化所有阶段误差,应特别重视样品采集方法的研究,确保采集样品的代表性是提高该类金矿资源评价质量的前提。  相似文献   

载炭泡塑吸附-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定金矿石的金量   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈景伟  李玉明  宋双喜  宋江涛  初琳 《岩矿测试》2015,34(3):314-318

载炭泡塑吸附法对金有良好的吸附性能,但只能用于抽滤吸附不能振荡吸附,分析手续繁杂。本文以载炭泡塑振荡吸附-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定金矿石的金量。样品在650℃高温灼烧2 h,用50%王水和10%氯化铁加热溶解,溶液冷却后加入5%高锰酸钾氧化,用中密度规格的载炭泡塑两次振荡吸附溶液中的金,然后于580℃高温灼烧后以50%王水溶解灰分,直接用ICP-OES测定金量。方法检出限(3σ)为0.002μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)小于3.7%。本方法对金的吸附率大于99.9%,测定范围为0.01~90μg/g,对不同类型金矿石的适应性强,解决了以往泡塑吸附法吸附率较低、标准系列与样品需同时预处理的问题,对低含量和高含量样品均有较高的准确度。  相似文献   

“三江”北段沱沱河地区的成矿规律与找矿方向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋玉财  侯增谦  王贵仁  李连松  杨天南  张洪瑞  刘燕学  杨竹森  田世洪  刘英超  贾宗涌  汪元奎  刘群  闫明  何利 《矿床地质》2015,34(1):1-20

"三江"成矿带的北段沱沱河地区是中国首批整装勘查区之一,区域成矿规律和找矿方向亟待了解。研究表明,区内主要发育3期成矿事件,形成5种主要矿床类型。早期成矿发生在晚二叠世至早三叠世,为龙木错-双湖洋向北俯冲下的弧间或弧后盆地环境,形成开心岭火山岩容矿块状Fe(-Cu-Zn)矿床(VMS型);第二期成矿作用发生于新生代40~25 Ma期间,对应印-亚大陆晚碰撞环境,形成那日尼亚与钾质火山岩岩浆活动有关的脉状PbZn矿床、扎日根玢岩型铁矿床及扎拉夏格涌与碱性斑岩有关的热液脉状Pb-Zn矿床;第三期矿化出现在新生代23Ma以来,对应印-亚大陆后碰撞环境,形成以茶曲帕查为代表的密西西比河谷型(MVT)Pb-Zn矿床。综合分析表明,区内应优先寻找MVT型矿床,在区域逆冲带的前锋带中,老于新生代的碳酸盐岩内、碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩地层界面附近是找矿的主要方向;晚二叠世至早三叠世及晚三叠世地层中双峰式火山岩建造是寻找VMS矿床的有利部位;新生代闪长玢岩分布区的正磁异常、Cu化探异常、发育绿帘石和绿泥石化的地区有利于寻找玢岩型铁矿床;而热液脉状Pb-Zn矿床的成矿潜力有限。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中—巴楚地区奥陶系内幕不整合     

邓胜徽  杜品德  卢远征  黄智斌  景秀春  张师本  樊茹  杨芝林  李鑫 《地质论评》2015,61(2):324-332

塔里木盆地塔中-巴楚地区奥陶系内部存在一期重要的不整合。通过对数十口钻井的地层、古生物研究及与露头剖面的对比,发现该不整合的顶、底层位变化较大,地层缺失量在不同地区有所差异,可大致分为两种情况:其一是塔中地区,上奥陶统良里塔格组覆于鹰山组第三段(下奥陶统上部)之上,且有部分钻井良里塔格组下部也发育不全,缺失了至少11个牙形石带,相当于有17~20Ma的地层缺失;其二是巴楚地区,良里塔格组覆于鹰山组第二段或鹰山组第一段(中奥陶统下部)之上,缺失了至少8个牙形石带,相当于有约14Ma的地层缺失。上述地层缺失主要是由于中奥陶世以后塔里-巴楚地区出水成陆,碳酸盐岩地层受大气淡水溶蚀的结果。在不整合之下碳酸盐岩地层中形成的岩溶是十分重要的油气储层。因此,对该不整合的研究对于塔中、巴楚地区奥陶系,特别是鹰山组的油气勘探具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区金铜多金属成矿系统和地球动力学     

张栋  路彦明  葛良胜  王治华  李波  范俊杰  张玉杰 《地质论评》2015,61(4):797-816

卡拉麦里地区处于中亚—兴蒙成矿域东准噶尔成矿带的南段,晚古生代增生—碰撞过程明显、构造和岩浆活动强烈、矿产资源丰富。晚古生代增生—碰撞成矿作用集中在两个时期,卡拉麦里北缘至野马泉为主的泥盆纪和卡拉麦里构造带为主的早石炭世中晚期—二叠纪。本文在综合研究基础上,根据卡拉麦里地区晚古生代增生—碰撞过程的地球动力学和成矿特征,将成矿系统划分为:泥盆纪活动大陆边缘斑岩型金成矿系统,早石炭世中晚期后碰撞挤压—伸展转换阶段浅成低温热液—斑岩型金铜成矿系统,晚石炭世—二叠纪后碰撞伸展阶段造山型金铜成矿系统和岩浆热液型锡金成矿系统,以后3类为主。矿床组合包括:韧性剪切带型金矿、浅成低温热液型金矿、岩浆期后热液脉型金矿、斑岩型铜金矿、构造控制脉型铜矿和云英岩—石英脉型锡矿。认为该地区的泥盆纪活动大陆边缘成矿系统可能被晚石炭世—二叠纪后碰撞造山型金成矿系统所叠置而不易识别,后碰撞作用主导了该地区主要成矿系统,大陆岩石圈拆沉和软流圈地幔上涌产生的走滑伸展构造—壳幔岩浆作用—混合流体作用是卡拉麦里地区金属成矿作用的地球动力学机制。  相似文献